量子计算机概论INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM COMPUTERS

Quantum computing promises to solve problems which are intractable on digital computers. Highly parallel quantum algorithms can decrease the computational time for some problems by many orders of magnitude. This important book explains how quantum computers can do these amazing things. Several algorithms are illustrated: the discrete Fourier transform, Shor's algorithm for prime factorization; algorithms for quantum logic gates; physical implementations of quantum logic gates in ion traps and in spin chains; the simplest schemes for quantum error correction; correction of errors caused by imperfect resonant pulses; correction of errors caused by the nonresonant actions of a pulse; and numerical simulations of dynamical behavior of the quantum Control-Not gate. An overview of some basic elements of computer science is presented, including the Turing machine, Boolean algebra, and logic gates. The required quantum ideas are explained. --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.

1 Introduction
2 The Turing Machine
3 Binary System and Boolean Algebra
4 The Quantum Computer
5 The Discrete Fourier Transform
6 Quantum Factorization of Integers
7 Logic Gates
8 Implementation of Logic Gates Using Transistors
9 Reversible Logic Gates
10 Quantum Logic Gates
11 Two and Three Qubit Quantum Logic Gates
12 One-Qubit Rotation
13 Aj - Transformation
14 Bjk - Transformation
15 Unitary Transformations and Quantum Dynamics
16 Quantum Dynamics at Finite Temperature
17 Physical Realization of Quantum Computations
18 CONTROL-NOT Gate in an Ion Trap
19 Aj and Bjk Gates in an Ion Trap
20 Linear Chains of Nuclear Spins
21 Digital Gates in a Spin Chain
22 Non-resonant Action of Jr-Pulses
23 Experimental Logic Gates in Quantum Systems
24 Error Correction for Quantum Computers
25 Quantum Gates in a Two-Spin System
26 Quantum Logic Gates in a Spin Ensemble at Room Temperature
27 Evolution of an Ensemble of Four-Spin Molecules
28 Getting the Desired Density Matrix
29 Conclusion