语言引论(第八版)
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内容提要：
每一章的全面更新：新增了沃尔夫假说，神经语言学的最新成果，双语及双语教学的最新资料，句法处理的新方法，可以反映现代思维方式的语义语用学的新篇章，修订后的社会语言学一章侧重于最新的发现，另外还有一部分详细介绍了句法变化的问题。
对语言学各组成部分(语音、音系、词法、句法、语义以及语用学)的最新、流行的导论性介绍。 对美国符号语言学及通过文本体现的其他符号语言的介绍，使读者认识到这些符号语言也具备那些可以通过口头表达的语言的共同特点，也是真正的语言形式。 每一章的结尾部分都会对重点部分做一总结，并会列出相应的参考书目、进一步研究所需的阅读材料以及相关练习。 书中使用的国际音标的用法。 大量简洁的术语注释，详细的索引，都使文章易读易懂。 该书的相关网址：www．thomsonedu．com/english/fromkin 为您提供更为丰富的教与学资源，例如：网上测验、期末考试、章节提纲、书评、网站链接以及动画卡片等。 编辑推荐：
《语言引论》一书是适合所有层次学生的理想教材，包含语言教学的诸多领域，诸如语言学、英语、教育、外国语言、心理学、人类学、社会学以及英语作为第二语言的教学。继承作者始终如一的写作与出版理念，每一版本都努力做到最前沿、最完整、内容最丰富，第八版的修订版除了保留面向学生的友善和情趣横生的风格之外，反映了语言学领域内最新的研究成果。
目录：
Contents Preface About the Authors PARTI The Nature of Human Language CHAPTER What Is Language? Linguistic Knowledge Knowledge of the Sound System Knowledge of Words Arbitrary Relation of Form and Meaning The Creativity of Linguistic Knowledge Knowledge of Sentences and Nonsentences Linguistic Knowledge and Performance What Is Grammar? Descriptive Grammars Prescriptive Grammars Teaching Grammars Language Universals The Development of Grammar Sign Languages: Evidence for the Innateness of Language American Sign Language Animal "Languages" "Talking" Parrots The Birds and the Bees Language and Thought What We Know about Language Summary References for Further Reading Exercises CHAPTER 2 Brain and Language The Human Brain The Localization of Language in the Brain Aphasia Brain Imaging Technology Brain Plasticity and Lateralization in Early Life Split Brains Other Experimental Evidence of Brain Organization The Autonomy of Language Other Dissociations of Language and Cognition Laura Christopher Genetic Basis of Language Language and Brain Development The Critical Period A Critical Period for Bird Song The Evolution of Language In the Beginning: The Origin of Language God's Gift to Mankind? The First Language Human Invention or the Cries of Nature? The Development of Language in the Species Summary References for Further Reading Exercises PART 2 Grammatical Aspects of Language CHAPTER 3 Morphology: The Words of Language Dictionaries Content Words and Function Words Morphemes: The Minimal Units of Meaning Bound and Free Morphemes Prefixes and Suffixes Infixes Circumfixes Roots and Stems Huckles and Ceives Rules of Word Formation Derivational Morphology The Hierarchical Structure of Words More about Derivational Morphemes Lexical Gaps Rule Productivity "Pullet Surprises" Sign Language Morphology Word Coinage Words from Names Back-Formations Compounds Meaning of Compounds Universality of Compounding Blends Reduced Words Inflectional Morphemes Exceptions and Suppletions Morphology and Syntax Morphological Analysis: Identifying Morphemes Summary References for Further Reading Exercises CHAPTER 4 Syntax: The Sentence Patterns of Language What the Syntax Rules Do What Grammaticality Is Not Based On Sentence Structure Constituents and Constituency Tests Syntactic Categories Phrase Structure Trees and Rules Some Conventions for Building Phrase Structure Trees The Infinity of Language Heads and Complements Selection What Heads the Sentence Structural Ambiguities More Structures Sentence Relatedness Transformational Rules Structure-Dependent Rules Syntactic Dependencies Wh Questions UG Principles and Parameters Sign Language Syntax Summary References for Further Reading Exercises CHAPTER 5 The Meaning of Language What Speakers Know about Sentence Meaning Truth Entailment and Related Notions Ambiguity Compositional Semantics Semantic Rules Semantic Rule I Semantic Rule II hen Compositionality Goes Awry Anomaly Metaphor Idioms Lexical Semantics (Word Meanings) Theories of Word Meaning Reference Sense Lexical Relations Semantic Features Evidence for Semantic Features Semantic Features and Grammar Argument Structure Thematic Roles Pragmatics Pronouns Pronouns and Syntax Pronouns and Discourse Deixis More on Situational Context Maxims of Conversation Implicatures Speech Acts Summary References for Further Reading Exercises CHAPTER 6 Phonetics: The Sounds of Language Sound Segments Identity of Speech Sounds The Phonetic Alphabet Articulatory Phonetics Consonants Places of Articulation Manner of Articulation Phonetic Symbols for American English Consonants Vowels Lip Rounding Diphthongs Nasalization of Vowels Tense and Lax Vowels Different (Tongue) Strokes for Different Folks Major Phonetic Classes Noncontinuants and Continuants Obstruents and Sonorants Consonantal Syllabic Sounds Prosodic Features Tone and Intonation Phonetic Symbols and Spelling Correspondences The "Phonetics" of Signed Languages Summary References for Further Reading Exercises CHAPTER 7 Phonology: The Sound Patterns of Language The Pronunciation of Morphemes The Pronunciation of Plurals Additional Examples of Allomorphs Phonemes: The Phonological Units of Language Vowel Nasalization in English as an Illustration of Allophones Allophones of /t/ Minimal Pairs in ASL Complementary Distribution Distinctive Features of Phonemes Feature Values Nondistinctive Features Phonemic Patterns May Vary Across Languages Natural Classes of Speech Sounds Feature Specifications for American English Consonants and Vowels The Rules of Phonology Assimilation Rules Dissimilation Rules Feature-Changing Rules Segment Insertion and Deletion Rules Movement (Metathesis) Rules From One to Many and from Many to One The Function of Phonological Rules Slips of the Tongue: Evidence for Phonological Rules Prosodic Phonology Syllable Structure Word Stress Sentence and Phrase Stress Intonation Sequential Constraints of Phonemes Lexical Gaps Why Do Phonological Rules Exist? Phonological Analysis: Discovering Phonemes Summary References for Further Reading Exercises PART 3 The Psychology of Language CHAPTER 8 Language Acquisition Mechanisms of Language Acquisition Do Children Learn through Imitation? Do Children Learn through Reinforcement? Do Children Learn Language through Analogy? Do Children Learn through Structured Input? Children Construct Grammars The Innateness Hypothesis Stages in Language Acquisition The Perception and Production of Speech Sounds First Words The Development of Grammar The Acquisition of Phonology The Acquisition of Word Meaning The Acquisition of Morphology The Acquisition of Syntax The Acquisition of Pragmatics The Development of Auxiliaries: A Case Study Setting Parameters The Acquisition of Signed Languages Knowing More Than One Language Childhood Bilingualism Theories of Bilingual Development Two Monolingual in One Head The Role of Input Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism Second Language Acquisition Is L2 Acquisition the Same as LI Acquisition? Native Language Influence in L2 Acquisition The Creative Component ofL2 书摘：
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