钱临照文集

本文集包括：“物理学论文”、“专著、科学专论”、“科学史论著”、“回忆文章”、“杂文、书评、序”五个部分。

《钱临照文集》一共分为五个大的篇章，第一编主要列举了钱临照先生重要的物理学论文，有的采用英文纪录形式，有的则是运用中文进行解释，站在现代物理学的高度，深刻的揭示了这些条目的物理学意义。第二编包括专著和科学专论，阐述了晶体中位错理论的基础，固体的性质和它的微观结构以及大学物理实验杂谈等极具科学价值的文章。第三编是科学史论的著作，涵盖了从古到今世界物理学的发展，例如中国古代光学和力学的知识，中国古代磁学的知识等等。作者还涉及到了外国的科学技术史，对西方历史上的宇宙理论作出了评述。第四编属于回忆性文章，对中国的物理学进行了具体的回顾，并对物理学界的老前辈们进行了高度的赞扬。第五编主要收集了钱老先生的杂文、书评以及序，充分反映了钱老先生的傲然风骨。本书还特别刊登了钱临照先生的自传，帮助读者们更好的了解这位潜心向学，以良知和良心屹立于世人面前的中国学者。

序
总绪 钱临照自传
第一编 物理学论文
EFFET PHOTOGRAPHIQUE DE LA PRESSION
EFFET PHOTOGRAPHIQUE DE LA PRESSION
L'INFLUENCE DE LA PRESSION SUR LA SENSIBILITE PHO-
TOGRAPHIQUE AUX DIVERSES RADIATIONS MONO-
CHROMATIQUES
SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT D'ELECTRICITE PAR TORSION
DANS LES CRISTAUX DE QUARTZ
PRESSURE EFFECT ON PHOTOGRAPHIC SENSITIVITY
OSCILLATIONS WITH HOLLOW QUARTZ CYLINDERS CUT
ALONG THE OPTICAL AXIS
LOIS DU DEGAGEMENT DE L'ELECTRICITE PAR TORSION
DANS LES CRISTAUX DE QUARTZ
OSCILLATIONS DU CYLINDRE CREUX DE QUARTZ
SUR LES LOIS DU DEGAGEMENT D'ELECTRICITE PAR TOR-
SION DANS LE QUARTZ
DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICITY BY TORSION IN QUARTZ
CRYSTAL
OSCILLATONS OF HOLLOW QUARTZ CYLINDERS CUT ALONG
THE OPTIC AXIS
PRODUCTION OF PIEZOELECTRICITY BY TORSION
THE VELOCITY-DISTRIBUTION IN A LIQUID -INTO -LIQUID
JET
ON SURFACE CRACKS IN GLASSES
THE GLIDE OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OF SODIUM AND POTAS-
SIUM
THE GLIDE OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OF MOLYBDENUM
ON THE APPLICATION OF THE HILGER PRISM INTERFERO-
METER TO THE RESOLUTION OF SPECTRAL LINES
……
后记

Discussion
The reasons which lead us to consider the surface lines developed by hot sodium vapour as developments of Griffith cracks in the surface may be summarized as follows:
The lines are particularly well developed in situations where systematic
scratching is extremely improbable, e.g. inside blown glassware and inside drawn tube. In the latter case they run in a direction at right angles to the axis, a direction which is difficult to ascribe to scratches or other marks made during manufacture or cleansing. The lines develop with age, being almost completely absent on glass fresh from drawing at a high tempera-ture, and frequent on the same glass some hours after drawing. They are well developed in hard glasses such as Griffith used in his experiments, and hardly found at all in soft soda glass.
In the case of the annealed optical glass the lines form an orthogonal
system. In an isotropic material the lines of principal stress form such a system, and it is suggested that the cracks appear in directions normal to the principal stresses (tensions). The effect of annealing the optical glass should be to release the local stresses, which will be expected to have dif-ferent directions at different points, and in the process of release the cracks appear. It should be mentioned that identical glass bars, which had not been annealed, showed no surface cracks.
In this connexion the effect of a scratch is of interest. A piece of plate
glass exposed to sodium vapour showed no typical Griffith cracks. A fine diamond scratch was then made on another specimen from the same piece. Etching revealed typical cracks running out on both sides from the scratch, in directions approximately normal to its length (Fig. 18). At a free edge the principal stresses at any point must be parallel to the edge, so that we should expect this behaviour if the cracks are caused by a principal stress, and arise in a direction normal to it. It does not, of course, foll ……