英汉翻译理论与技巧

引语 英汉翻译的实践与理论
第一节 翻译的性质
第二节 翻译的标准
第三节 翻译的程序
第一章 英汉翻译的语词处理
第一节 语境还原与语义判别
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书摘
一、提述动词宾语
提述动词宾语，就是以原文语段里某一及物动词的宾语作为译文相关语段的提述词。如：
1．Thegolden skirts of day were yet lingering upon the hills，but deep shades obscured the hollow and the pool，as if sombre night were rising thence to overspread the world．(N．Hawthorne)
山上金黄的残阳留连未归，但幽谷和池潭已是灰暗阴森，好像黑糊糊的夜幕就是由这里起行去笼罩五洲似的。
2．The cook squatted in the bottom，and looked with both eyes at the six inches of gunwale which separated him from the ocean． (S．Crane)
厨子蹲在船底，双眼端量着六英寸厚的船舷，他与沧海就只那一舷之隔。
原文语段的提述词可以在该语段的其他部位予以插叙，有时也可以听从语义与语式的需要而略去或隐退。如：
3．Whatever personal frustrations drove this competent clerk to escape into a dream，he had taught us all a timely lesson：that you have to make your own luck in this world．(J．Robbins)
不管这位干练的职员个人遭逢什么摧折竟会逃避现实去做一场美梦，却也让我们所有的人记取了一条适时的教训：在当今尘世间，所谓走运就是靠自己去苦干。
4．He went．towards her，ambling，touched the brim Of a mayvelously shaped，spotted，felt hat，said he wanted to say something to her，and then found that he didn't know what he had to say，or if he did，that he couldnt say it．(J．Toomer)
他从容不迫地向她走过去，摸了摸那顶式样标致并沾有污垢的毡帽的边沿。他告诉她， 自己有话想对她讲，却又觉得不知道该讲些什么，容或就算想好了，也觉得那番话是无法讲出的。
二、提述介词宾语
提述介词宾语，就是以原文语段里某一介词的宾语作为译文相关语段的提述词。如：
1．She is coming．She runs up the stairs two at a time with her light graceful step，and I know she is happy tonight，(T．Olsen)
她来了，轻盈灵捷的脚步一跨两级阶梯地跑上楼去，我明白她今晚心里喜滋滋的。
2．I knew nothing of money at that time．I would watch my mother hand something to people，who would then hand her a package or a bag，and slowly the idea of
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