伦理学：原理及当代论争(英文影印版)
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内容提要：
学习西方人文科学的理想方法是从一开始就面对经典原文，这样可以尽量避免诸多转述，减少讹传。北大西学影印丛书首先推出的哲学系列涵盖了一般意义上的哲学的主要分支，均经相关领域的著名学者多层甄选，以求能系统全面地满足相关专业学生学习西方哲学。这套丛书均由世界著名高等教育出版机构汤姆生公司出口，并充分体现其一贯的简易精严的风格，是优秀的入门教材。
作者简介：
编辑推荐：
本书作为伦理学的通性读物，对伦理学的经典理论和当代具有争议性的道德问题做出了比较清晰、公允的说明，它分为两部分，第一部分是对伦理学理论的探究，包括了功利主义、康德的道德理论、自然法、自然权利、美德伦理学和女性主义的思考，基本涵盖了当代西方哲理学的主要理论观点，为探讨具体的道德实践问题奠定了必要的概念基础，第二部分集中于对道德问题的关注，包括人的问题，社会问题和全球性问题，对伦理学的应用层面作了比较有意思的介绍。
目录：
PART ONE ETHICAL THEORY
1.Ethics and Ethical Reasoning Why Study Ethics? What Is Ethics? Ethical and Religion Ethics and Arguments Ethical Thiory Types of Ethical Theory Can Ethics Be Taught? READUBGS Plato Euthyphro Phato Meno Review Exercises Selected Biliography 2.Ethical Relativism What Is Ethical Relativism? Two Forms of Ethical Relativism Reasons Supporting Ethical Relativism Are These Reasons Conincing Further Considerations Moral Realism Morol Pluralism READING Mary Midgley Review Exercises Selected Bibliography …… 3.Egoism 4.Utilitarianism 5.Kant'Moral Theory …… 书摘：
Evaluating Natural Law Theory
Natural law theory has many appealing characteristics, including its belief in the objectivity of moral values and the notion of the good as human flourishing. Various criticisms of the theory have also been advanced, including the following two. First, according to natural law theory, we are to determine what we ought to do from deciphering the moral law as it is written into nature--specifically, human nature. One problem that natural law theory must address concerns our ability to read nature. The moral law is supposedly knowable by natural human reason, but various thinkers throughout the history of philosophy have read nature differently. Even Aristotle, for example, thought that slavery could be justified in that it was in accord with nature.17 Today, people argue against slavery on just such natural law grounds.18 Philosopher Thomas Hobbes defended the absolutist rule of despots and John Locke criticized it, both doing so on natural law grounds. Moreover, traditional natural law theory has picked out highly positive traits: the desire to know the truth, to choose the good, and to develop as healthy mature beings. Not all views of the essential characteristics of human nature have been so positive, however. Some philosophers have depicted human nature as deceitful, evil, and uncontrolled. This is why Hobbes argued that we need a strong government. Without it, he wrote, life in a state of nature would be "nasty, brutish, and short."19 Moreover, if nature is taken in the broader sense, meaning all of nature, and if a natural law as a moral law were based on this, then this general approach might even cover such theories as Social Darwinism. This view holds that because the most fit organisms in nature are the ones that survive, so also the most fit should endure in human society and the weaker ought to perish. When combined with a belief in capitalism, this led to notions such as that it was only right and according to natu …… |