TCP/IP路由技术（第一卷）（英文版）

    本书是第一本详细而又完整地介绍互联网内部网关路由选择协议（IGP协议）的专业书籍，堪称有关IGP协议方面不可多得的经典之作。本书共分三个部分。第一部分主要介绍了网络和路由选择的基本知识，对TCP/IP协议和静态、动态路由选择技术作了一个整体的回顾。第二部分是本书的精华，这一部分详细深入地讲述了各种常用的内部网关路由选择协议，如静态路由、RIP、RIPv2、IGRP、EIGRP、OSPF、ISIS等，每一章除了对该协议的实现机制和参数详尽阐述，使读者对协议的实现原理有一个清晰的理解外，还通过在实际网络环境中的实例，详细地论述了该协议在Cisco路由器上的配置和故障处理方法，使读者获取大量解决实际问题的专业技能。第三部分介绍了如缺省路由、路由过滤等多种有效的路由控制工具，用来创建和管理多个IP路由选择协议的协调工作。
本书的读者不仅是那些需要准备通过CCIE考试的考生，也是任何需要完整理解TCP/IP内部路由选择协议的网络设计和工程人员。本书中对协议细节的讲解和对网络实例的探讨相信会让读者获益非浅。

本书特色：
?通过贴近实践的实例描述学习IP内部路由选择协议；
?在CISCO路由器上通过实际案例来探讨IP路由的配置和故障排除；
?通过大量实际应用的综合复习题、配置练习和故障排除练习来测试和验证读者对路由选择协议的掌握程度；
?掌握TCP/IP协议的要点，进一步充实读者对CCIE考试的准备。

Foreword 1
Part I Routing Basics 3
Chapter 1 Basic Concepts: Internetworks, Routers, and Addresses 4
Bicycles with Motors 6
Data Link Addresses 7
Repeaters and Bridges 11
Routers 18
Network Addresses 22
Looking Ahead 25
Recommended Reading 25
Review Questions 26
Chapter 2 TCP/IP Review 28
The TCP/IP Protocol Layers 29
The IP Packet Header 32
IP Addresses 40
The First Octet Rule 45
Address Masks 48
Subnets and Subnet Masks 51
Designing Subnets 55
Breaking the Octet Boundary 57
Troubleshooting a Subnet Mask 62
ARP 63
Proxy ARP 69
Gratuitous ARP 72
Reverse ARP 72
ICMP 73
The Host-to-Host Layer 78
TCP 78
UDP 83
Looking Ahead 84
Summary Table: Chapter 2 Command Review 85
Recommended Reading 85
Review Questions 86
Configuration Exercises 87
Troubleshooting Exercises 88
Chapter 3 Static Routing 90
The Route Table 92
Configuring Static Routes 97
Case Study: Simple Static Routes 97
Case Study: Summary Routes 101
Case Study: Alternative Routes 103
Case Study: Floating Static Routes 105
Case Study: Load Sharing 109
Per Destination Load Sharing and Fast Switching 110
Per Packet Load Sharing and Process Switching 111
Case Study: Recursive Table Lookups 113
Troubleshooting Static Routes 114
Case Study: Tracing a Failed Route 115
Case Study: A Protocol Conflict 121
Looking Ahead 126
Summary Table: Chapter 3 Command Review 126
Review Questions 127
Configuration Exercises 128
Troubleshooting Exercises 130
Chapter 4 Dynamic Routing
Protocols 136
Routing Protocol Basics 138
Path Determination 138
Metrics 141
Hop Count 142
Bandwidth 142
Load 143
Delay 143
Reliability 143
Cost 144
Convergence 144
Load Balancing 146
Distance Vector Routing Protocols 146
Common Characteristics 148
Periodic Updates 148
Neighbors 148
Broadcast Updates 148
Full Routing Table Updates 149
Routing by Rumor 149
Route Invalidation Timers 151
Split Horizon 152
Counting to Infinity 156
Triggered Updates 157
Holddown Timers 158
Asynchronous Updates 158
Link State Routing Protocols 160
Neighbors 161
Link State Flooding 162
Sequence Numbers 163
Aging 172
The Link State Database 173
The SPF Algorithm 176
Areas 181
Interior and Exterior Gateway
Protocols 183
Static or Dynamic Routing? 185
Looking Ahead 186
Recommended Reading 186
Review Questions 188
Part II Interior Routing Protocols 189
Chapter 5 Routing Information
Protocol (RIP) 190
Operation of RIP 192
RIP Timers and Stability Features 193
RIP Message Format 196
Request Message Types 199
Classful Routing 200
Classful Routing: Directly Connected Subnets 201
Classful Routing: Summarization at Boundary Routers 203
Classful Routing: Summary 205
Configuring RIP 205
Case Study: A Basic RIP
Configuration 205
Case Study: Passive Interfaces 207
Case Study: Configuring Unicast
Updates 210
Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets 212
Case Study: Manipulating RIP
Metrics 216
Troubleshooting RIP 219
Looking Ahead 220
Summary Table: Chapter 5 Command Review 220
Recommended Reading 220
Review Questions 221
Configuration Exercises 221
Troubleshooting Exercises 223
Chapter 6 Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) 230
Operation of IGRP 232
IGRP Timers and Stability Features 235
IGRP Metrics 237
IGRP Packet Format 245
Configuring IGRP 249
Case Study: A Basic IGRP
Configuration 250
Case Study: Unequal-Cost Load
Balancing 251
Case Study: Setting Maximum Paths 256
Case Study: Multiple IGRP Processes 257
Troubleshooting IGRP 260
Case Study: Unequal-Cost Load
Balancing, Again 261
Case Study: A Segmented Network 263
Looking Ahead 266
Summary Table: Chapter 6 Command Review 267
Recommended Reading 268
Review Questions 268
Configuration Exercises 269
Troubleshooting Exercises 273
Chapter 7 Routing Information Protocol Version 2 280
Operation of RIPv2 282
RIPv2 Message Format 282
Compatibility with RIPv1 286
Classless Route Lookups 287
Classless Routing Protocols 287
Variable-Length Subnet Masking 288
Authentication 292
Configuring RIPv2 296
Case Study: A Basic RIPv2
Configuration 297
Case Study: Compatibility with
RIPv1 297
Case Study: Using VLSM 300
Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets and Classless
Routing 303
Case Study: Authentication 306
Troubleshooting RIPv2 309
Case Study: Misconfigured VLSM 310
Looking Ahead 317
Summary Table: Chapter 7 Command Review 317
Recommended Reading 318
Review Questions 318
Configuration Exercises 319
Troubleshooting Exercises 321
Chapter 8 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol(EIGRP) 326
Operation of EIGRP 329
Protocol-Dependent Modules 330
Reliable Transport Protocol 331
Neighbor Discovery/Recovery 333
The Diffusing Update Algorithm 335
DUAL: Preliminary Concepts 335
The DUAL Finite State Machine 345
Diffusing Computation: Example 1 349
Diffusing Computation: Example 2 354
EIGRP Packet Formats 363
The EIGRP Packet Header 363
General TLV Fields 365
IP-Specific TLV Fields 366
Address Aggregation 371
Configuring EIGRP 376
Case Study: A Basic EIGRP
Configuration 377
Case Study: Redistribution with IGRP 379
Case Study: Disabling Automatic Summarization 383
Case Study: Address Aggregation 384
Authentication 385
Troubleshooting EIGRP 387
Case Study: A Missing Neighbor 388
Stuck-in-Active Neighbors 394
Looking Ahead 399
Summary Table: Chapter 8 Command review 399
Review Questions 401
Configuration Exercises 402
Troubleshooting Exercises 404
Chapter 9 Open Shortest Path First 408
Operation of OSPF 410
Neighbors and Adjacencies 412
The Hello Protocol 413
Network Types 415
Designated Routers and Backup
Designated Routers 418
OSPF Interfaces 423
OSPF Neighbors 430
Flooding 450
Areas 457
Router Types 460
Partitioned Areas 462
Virtual Links 463
The Link State Database 466
LSA Types 470
Stub Areas 479
The Route Table 485
Destination Types 486
Path Types 487
Route Table Lookups 490
Authentication 491
OSPF over Demand Circuits 491
OSPF Packet Formats 493
The Packet Header 495
The Hello Packet 498
The Database Description Packet 499
The Link State Request Packet 501
The Link State Update Packet 502
The Link State Acknowledgment
Packet 503
OSPF LSA Formats 504
The LSA Header 504
The Router LSA 506
The Network LSA 509
The Network and ASBR Summary
LSAs 510
The Autonomous System External
LSA 512
The NSSA External LSA 513
The Options Field 515
Configuring OSPF 516
Case Study: A Basic OSPF
Configuration 516
Case Study: Setting Router IDs with Loopback
Interfaces 520
Case Study: Domain Name Service Lookups 525
Case Study: OSPF and Secondary Addresses 526
Case Study: Stub Areas 531
Case Study: Totally Stubby Areas 536
Case Study: Not-So-Stubby Areas 537
Case Study: Address Summarization 545
Case Study: Authentication 550
Case Study: Virtual Links 553
Case Study: OSPF on NBMA Networks 555
Case Study: OSPF over Demand
Circuits 565
Troubleshooting OSPF 567
Case Study: An Isolated Area 572
Case Study: Misconf