法律探索（第8版）——美国法精要·影印本/美国法精要

    电子革命使得法律检索变得更快更容易。这本通俗易懂的指南从判例法和法典入手，扩展至附属资源和其他研究工具。本书作者，作为该领域的专家解释了如何通过网上资源、光盘及其他网络资源进行检索。本书主要是为了刚开始从事研究的人准备的。本书前五章主要对美国法中主要的和次要的资源的概况进行介绍。从一开始就讨论了一般的背景资料，比如法律百科全书和法律论丛，因为这些是在研究中最常使用的资料。然后是判例法，因为其在美国法律体系和法律教育体系中的中心地位。接着是宪法和成文法。第六章到第十章则包括立法历史、诉讼法、法庭规则、活页和目录。虽然这些资源与基本的判例法和成文法资源有所不同，但是他们在法律研究中的作用是一样的。最后两章则对国际法和外国法进行了简单的介绍。本书不仅是一本参考书而且还是一本实用的教科书。

    莫里斯.L.科恩（Morris Cohen）：耶鲁大学法学院教授，著有《怎样查找法律》、《早期美国法律参考书目》等。 　　肯特.C.奥尔森（ Kent Olson）：弗吉尼亚大学法学院图书馆咨询部主任、法律检索讲师。

    在美国法律教育界与律师实务界，“美国法精要”（Nutshell Series）是颇具特色的一套丛书。这套书最突出的特点当推它们的简捷明快、深入浅出。从多法学院的学生将这套书作为课外的辅助教材，由此掌握美国各主要部门法的精义；执业律师也经常借助这套书，以迅速了解自己尚未熟习的某些部门法，或者温习过去曾经学过的某些课程。
相信这套丛收也能赢得国内读者的欢迎。无论是法律专业的本科生、研究生，还是执业律师或其他人士，都能从这套丛书中获得有关美国法律的大量知识，对自己的学习和工作有所助益。此外，通过阅读原汁原味的英文来学习美国法律也应能提高读者的法律英语水平，促进与美国同行的直接对话与交流。

PREFACE
　CHAPTER 1. THE RESEARCH PROCESS
　　INTRODUCTION
THE SOURCES OF THE LAW
THE FORMS OF LEGAL INFORMATION
A.ACCESS TO CHRONOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS
B.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES
C.PRINT AND ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
LEGAL LANGUAGE
LEGAL CITATIONS
BEGINNING A RESEARCH PROJECT
COMPLETING A RESEARCH PROJECT
CONCLUSION
　CHAPTER 2. BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEWS
LEGAL ENCYCLOPEDIAS
A.AMERICAJ JURISPRUDENCE 2D AND CORPUS JURIS SECUNDUM
B.JURISDICTIONAL ENCYCLOPEDIAS
TEXTS AND TREATISES
RESTATEENTS OF THE LAW
LAW REVIEWS
CONCLUSION
　CHAPTER 3. CASE LAW SOURCES
INTODUCTION
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNTED STATES
A.THE UNITED STATES REPORTS
B.SUPREME COURT REPORTER AND LAWYERS'EDITION
C.UNITED STATES LAW WEEK
D.ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
LOWER FEDERAL COURTS
STATE COURTS
A.OFFICIAL REPORTS
B.NATIONAL REPORTER SYSTEM
C.ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
CONCLUSION
　CHAPTER 4. CASE LAW RESEARCH
INTRODUCTINO
ELECTROIC RESEARCH
A.WESTLAW
B.LEXIS NEXIS
WEST DIGESTS
A.FINDING CASES IN DIGESTS
B.DECENNIAL AND GEERAL DIGESIS
C.JURISDICTIONAL AND REGIONAL DIGESTS
D.WORDS AND PHRASES
E.DIGESTS AND KEY NUMBERS ON WESTLAW
AMERICAN LAW REPORTS ANNOTATIONS
A.FORMAT AND CONTENTS
B.FINDING ANNOTATIONS
CITATORS
A.KEYCITE
B.SHEPARD'S CITATIONS ONLINE
C.SHEPARD'S CITATIONS IN PRINT
CONCLUSION
　CHAPTER 5. CONSTITUTIONS AND STATUTES
　CHAPTER 6. LEGISLATIVE INFORMATION
　CHAPTER 7. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
　CHAPTER 8. COURT RULES AND PRACTICE
　CHAPTER9. TOPICAL RESEARCH SOURCES
　CHAPTER 10. REFERENCE RESOURCES
　CHAPTER 11. INTERNATIONAL LAW
　CHAPTER 12. THE LAW OF OTHER COUNTRIES
APPENDIX A.SOURCES FOR STATE APPELLATE COURT CASES
APPENDIX B.STATE RESEARCH GUIDES
APPENDIX C.TOPICAL LOOSELEAF AND ELECTRONIC
SEVICES Ⅳ
WEBSITE INDEX
TITLE INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX

书 摘
书 摘

The next form of printed court reports provides the edito-rial summaries and paZe C1tations lacking in slip opinions．Cases usuaUy appear first in weekly or biweekly pam．phlets known as advance sheets，containing a number of decisions paginated in a continUOUS sequence．and then tnbound volumes．Thevolumes consolidate the contents ofseveral advance sheets，and most contain alphabetical
tables of the cases reported as well as subject indexes or digests．Thev are numbered consecutively,often in more than one successive series，When the volumes of a reporter reach an arbitrary number(such as100 or 300),publishers frequently start over with volume 1．second series．Some reporters are now in their third or fourth series．If a reporter is in a second or later series．that must be indicat．ed in its citation in order to distinguish it from the same volume number in the first series．The case in Exhibit 7．forexample,is on page 461 of Volume 52 0f the third series of the Pacific Reporter．It is cited as State ZL Willis．52 P3d 461
(Utah App．2002)．Even though many researchers find and read cases online instead of in printed reports，cases are stil!identified by dtations to the pubfished volumes。Generally,only cases unavaflable in print ate cited to electronic sources．

Most court reports include editorial features which make it easier to find and understand the decisions．In West．S National Reporter System series．each case is prefaced with a one．paragraph summary of its holding,called a synopsis, and with numbered editorial abstracts，or headnotes． of the specific legal issues．Each headnote is assigned a legal topic and a number indicating a particulat subdivi．
sion of that topic．ThiS classification plan,known as the key number system,consists of over four hundred broad topics and tens of thousands of subtopiCS．The headnotes are repr
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