英语小说导读

    本书是英语专业高年级和研究生的文学教材，其编写打破了传统的英语文学编写模式。本书由引论、情节、叙事角度、人物、背景、风格、主体、象征、长篇小说、如何写小说的评论文章等章节和附录构成。在每一章节重点论述其涉及的范畴、概念，并选择二至三篇小说进行典型分析，附以思考题。在论述各相关概念时，不但涉及其内涵和外延，还就相磁的文学术语和理论给予简要的讨论，并用具全实例佐证。有的作品还提供了英美批评家的评论。“如何写小说的评论文章”一章，旨在指导中国学生写小论文和毕业论文，讲述了如何选题、做笔记、列提纲、起草论文、用引语、做注释、写书目等，有助于学生写出优秀的、规范的学术论文。

    

    

Intorduction Reading a Story
Chapter One Plot
A & P
by John Updike
A Retrievde Reformation
by O. Henry
A Rose Four Emily
by William Faulkner
Chapter Two Point of View
The Tell-Tale Heart
by Edgar Allan Poe
Araby
by James Joyce
Chapter Three Character
The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
by Kathering Anne Porter
Everyday Use
by Alice Walker
Chapter Four Setting
The Storm
by Kate Chopin
The Three Strangers
by Thomas Hardy
Chapter Five Style
A Clean, Well-Lighted Palce
by Ernest Hemingway
Barn Burning by Wiliam Faulkner
Chapter Six Theme
Young Goodman Brown
by Nathaniel Hawthorne
The Horse Dealer’s Daughter
by D. H. Lawrence
Chapter Seven Symbol
The Lottery
by Shirley Jackson
The Chrysanthemums
by John Steinbeck
Chapter Eight Reading Long Stories and Novels
The Metamorphosis
by Franz Kafka, translated by
Wila and Edwin Muir
Chapter Nine Writing about a Story
Appendix Ⅰ
Why Do We Read Fiction?
by Robert Penn Warren
Appendix Ⅱ
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown”
Historical Imaging and Critical Responses
Appendix　Ⅲ
Samples of MLA Style “Works Cited” in
Research Papers
Bibliography

书摘
Whether a narrator is reliable or unreliable, according to Wayne Booth depends upon how the narrator argues for, and how near the attitude and opinion of the narrator are to, the moral codes of the work (including those of the author). We distinguish an unreliable narrator by the extent to which he or she diverges from the author's attitude and opinion, and by the violations he commits against the author's moral codes. (The Rhetoric of Fiction, 1961)Rimmon-Kenan discusses the reliable narrator and the unreliable narrator as a relationship between the narrator and the reader: a reliable narrator is characterized by the fact that his narrative is always regarded by the reader as the authoritative description of fictional truth. An unreliable narrator is characterized by the fact that his description of and/or comment on the story always makes the reader plausibly suspicious, whether because the narrator is limited in his knowledge or he himself is involved in the event or there is something wrong with his value system. (Narrative Fiction,1983) However, we may find that in many literary works it is difficult to determine whether their narrators are reliable or unreliableand, of the "reliable" ones, the true degree of their reliability.Modern writers have been particular fond of narrtors of unknown reliability, as though they are attempting to communicate a sense of uncertainty of the modern world.
Antony insisted, in his oration over the dead Caesar, that“Brutus is an honorable man. ” But the audience detected that the statement contained an imprint of irony. This is verbal irony (a distinct feature of the style of a writer which is talked about in Chapter Five in this book), the most familiar kind, in which the actual intent is expressed in words that carry the opposite meaning. Verbal irony, then, implies a contrast or discrepancy between what is said literally and what is meant actually. Its presence is marked by a sort of grim humour a
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