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内容提要:
这十年经历了一场公司法革命。在这不同寻常的十年期间,业界创新了商业组织结构和兼并行为模式,而公司法领域的理论也由于引进了经济学的组织理论和现代公司金融理论等分析方法而大为改观。这种对经济学理论的融合深刻影响了公司运作方式以及公司法教学,而这种影响将持续下去。这本论文集着重介绍了公司法领域迥然对立的各种理论,以及这些理论得以产生的经济学基本原理。此外,我们通过提供公司治理方面广泛而繁茂的实证研究成果,努力用写实的手法给学子们描绘出对他们而言很陌生的公司法研究概况。
因阿道夫·伯利和加德纳·米恩斯二人对所有权和经营权分离带来的问题之深刻分析,公众持股公司的重要特点变得明晰:公司经营业务的经理层并不拥有该公司。伯利和米恩斯认为这种分离产生了许多组织上的弊端,因为公司所有人的利益并不总是与经理层一致。这类问题被称为代理问题。正如这本论文集所阐释的,公司法的大部分内容就是在探讨如何处理代理问题。本书收集的论文运用经济学组织理论和公司金融理论从不同角度对这一问题展开剖析,并分别提出了不同的解决方案。 我本人曾在公司法和公司金融等课堂上使用本书中的材料。编辑本书时我们有意将其做成供学生在公司法课堂讨论的教材,同时,体例上我们在每一章节安排了要点与问题,以便读者能独立阅读并自我指导。论文均经过多方面编辑加工,使其更好用。我们将初稿里的数学计算和公式进行了压缩,但要点里的数据原封不动,以阐释某些概念。当然这种做法很危险,因为失却了学术著述的复杂性,而且留给人一种错误的印象,即创建一个理论不会引起理解上的歧义。为尽量避免这种误识,我有意将观点大相径庭的相关论文及随后的要点并列编排在一起。此外,论文节录中的参考书目和脚注均已省去——为增强可读性和更适合教学,只好牺牲各论文节录的精确性和查阅引文出处的便捷性了。读者若对节录感兴趣,可以查找原论文。 作者简介:
罗伯塔·罗曼诺于1975年获得芝加哥大学经济学硕士学位,1980年获耶鲁大学法律博士学位,1985年起任耶鲁大学教授,研究领域是公司法、公司金融和金融市场监管。罗曼诺自1998年起承担《法律经济学评论》的编辑工作,并于1998-1999年间担任美国法律经济学协会主席。
目录:
ⅠTheoryoftheFirmandCapitalMarkets,1
A.TheoryoftheFirm,4 TheoryoftheFirm:ManagerialBehavior,Agency Costs,and OwnershipStructure,4 MichaelC.JensenandWilliamH.Meckling TransactionCostEconomics,9 OliverE.Williamson OwnershipoftheFirm,15 HenryHansmann NotesandQuestions,22 B.TheoryofCapitalMarkets,26 FromARandomWalkDownWallStreet,26 BurtonG.Malkiel FromCorporateFinance,43 StephenA.Ross,RandolphW.Westerfield,and JeffreyF.Jaffe NotesandQuestions,57 ⅡLegalCharacteristicsoftheCorporation:Limited Liability,61 LimitedLiabilityandtheCorporation,62 FrankH.EasterbrookandDanielR.Fischel LimitedLiabilityintheTheoryoftheFirm,70 SusanE.Woodward TowardUnlimitedShareholderLiabilityfor Corporate Torts,73 HenryHansmannandReinierKraakman NotesandQuestions,78 ⅢTheProductionofCorporationLaws,82 A.StateCompetitionforCorporateCharters,84 TheStateCompetitionDebateinCorporateLaw,84 RobertaRomano TowardanInterestGroupTheoryofDelaware Corporate Law,90 JonathanR.MaceyandGeoffreyP.Miller NotesandQuestions,93 B.TheStructureofCorporationLaws,96 TheCorporateContract,96 FrankH.EasterbrookandDanielR.Fischel TheMandatoryStructureofCorporateLaw,104 JeffreyN.Gordon TheMandatory/EnablingBalanceinCorporateLaw:An Essay ontheJudicialRole,111 JohnC.Coffee,Jr. NotesandQuestions,113 ⅣFinancingtheCorporation,119 OnFinancialContracting:AnAnalysisofBond Covenants,121 CliffordW.Smith,Jr.,andJeroldB.Warner ContractualResolutionofBondholder-Stockholder Conflicts inLeveragedBuyouts,128 KennethLehnandAnnettePoulsen ActiveInvestors,LBOs,andthePrivatizationof Bankruptcy,130 MichaelC.Jensen TheStructureandGovernanceofVentureCapital Organizations,132 WilliamA.Sahlman TwoAgency-CostExplanationsofDividends,138 FrankH.Easterbrook NotesandQuestions,140 ⅤInternalGovernanceStructures,146 A.BoardsofDirectorsandFiduciaryDuties,148 CorporateGovernance,148 OliverE.Williamson IncentiveandTaxEffectsofExecutiveCompensation Plans,155 CliffordW.Smith,Jr.andRossL.Watts TheShareholderSuit:LitigationWithout Foundation?,162 RobertaRomano Does"Unlawful"Mean"Criminal"?:Reflectionson the DisappearingTort/CrimeDistinctioninAmerican Law,173 JohnC.Coffee,Jr., NotesandQuestions,179 B.ShareholderVotingRightsandtheExerciseof Voice,187 VotinginCorporateLaw,187 FrankH.EasterbrookandDanielR.Fischel TiesthatBond:DualClassCommonStockandthe Problemof ShareholderChoice,192 JeffreyN.Gordon ProxyContestsandtheEfficiencyofShareholder Oversight,197 JohnPound APoliticalTheoryofAmericanCorporateFinance, 206 MarkJ.Roe AgentsWatchingAgents:ThePromiseof Institutional InvestorVoice,210 BernardS.Black ActiveInvestors,LBOs,andthePrivatizationof Bankruptcy, 213 MichaelC.Jensen NotesandQuestions,214 ⅥExternalGovernanceStructures:TheMarketfor Corporate Control,221 A.TheoriesandEvidence,223 MergersandtheMarketforCorporateControl,223 HenryG.Manne Takeovers:TheirCausesandConsequences,225 MichaelC.Jensen BreachofTrustinHostileTakeovers,228 AndreiShleiferandLawrenceH.Summers RiskReductionasaManagerialMotivefor Conglomerate Mergers,232 YakovAmihudandBaruchLev TheHubrisHypothesisofCorporateTakeovers,233 RichardRoll TheMarketforCorporateControl:TheScientific Evidence,235 MichaelC.JensenandRichardS.Ruback TheMarketforCorporateControl:TheEmpirical Evidence Since1980,242 GreggA.Jarrell,JamesA.Brickley,andJeffry M.Netter HostileTakeoversinthe1980s:TheReturnto Corporate Specialization,245 SanjaiBhagat,AndreiShleifer,andRobertW. Vishny NotesandQuestions,248 B.Management’sFiduciaryDutyandTakeover Defenses,258 TheProperRoleofaTarget’sManagementin Respondingtoa TenderOffer,258 FrankH.EasterbrookandDanielR.Fischel SeekingCompetitiveBidsVersusPurePassivityin Tender OfferDefense,262 RonaldJ.Gilson TheCaseforFacilitatingCompetingTenderOffers: AReply andExtension,265 LucianA.Bebchuk TheMarketforCorporateControl:TheEmpirical Evidence Since1980,267 GreggA.Jarrell,JamesA.Brickley,andJeffry M.Netter TheWealthEffectsofSecond-GenerationState Takeover Legislation,272 JonathanM.KarpoffandPaulH.Malatesta TheFutureofHostileTakeovers:Legislationand Public Opinion,278 RobertaRomano NotesandQuestions,285 ⅦSecuritiesRegulation,293 A.DisclosureRegulation,295 MandatoryDisclosureandtheProtectionof Investors,295 FrankH.EasterbrookandDanielR.Fischel MarketFailureandtheEconomicCasefora Mandatory DisclosureSystem,301 JohnC.Coffee,Jr. TheEffectofthe1933SecuritiesActonInvestor Information andthePerformanceofNewIssues,303 CarolJ.Simon NotesandQuestions,305 B.InsiderTradingRegulation,310 InsiderTrading:Rule10b-5,Disclosure,and Corporate Privacy,310 KennethE.Scott TheRegulationofInsiderTrading,313 DennisW.CarltonandDanielR.Fischel NotesandQuestions,317 |